Bottom Line
This field currently leans value-positive.
The current preview range spans from $173,211 to $1,314,991. That spread is the core Degreeli point: field choice matters, but so does where and how you pursue it.
High upside
Program Category
Graphic Communications
Degreeli uses field pages to show whether value is consistent or whether the same major swings dramatically depending on the school, price point, and completion environment.
Offerings In Preview Catalog
62
Positive ROI Routes
62/62
Best Current ROI
$1,314,991
Fastest Payback
2.9 years
What To Compare
Stack payback speed against downside, not just upside.
Families should read this category through three questions: which school delivers the best risk-adjusted upside, how fast the cost gets recouped, and how much value evaporates once completion risk enters the picture.
School-Level Routes
Where Graphic Communications currently looks strongest
BACHELORS
California Polytechnic State University--San Luis Obispo
Degreeli Score
74/100
Fair Value
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$1,314,991
Years To Recoup
5.6 years
On-Time ROI
$1,521,980
10-Year Earnings
$79,432
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Graduate review signal is limited or modeled.
BACHELORS
Brigham Young University
Degreeli Score
70/100
Fair Value
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$1,147,134
Years To Recoup
5.6 years
On-Time ROI
$1,416,564
10-Year Earnings
$73,941
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Graduate review signal is limited or modeled.
BACHELORS
Loyola Marymount University
Degreeli Score
37/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$1,054,426
Years To Recoup
16.9 years
On-Time ROI
$1,336,916
10-Year Earnings
$76,522
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Ringling College of Art and Design
Degreeli Score
32/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$917,662
Years To Recoup
20.5 years
On-Time ROI
$1,273,292
10-Year Earnings
$75,213
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
University of California, Santa Cruz
Degreeli Score
56/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$819,758
Years To Recoup
8.2 years
On-Time ROI
$1,091,700
10-Year Earnings
$58,163
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Payback could take longer than many families expect.
BACHELORS
Roger Williams University
Degreeli Score
31/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$745,363
Years To Recoup
16.4 years
On-Time ROI
$1,085,744
10-Year Earnings
$61,887
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Arizona State University
Degreeli Score
60/100
Caution Zone
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$743,332
Years To Recoup
6.9 years
On-Time ROI
$1,092,492
10-Year Earnings
$57,618
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Payback could take longer than many families expect.
BACHELORS
University of Minnesota Duluth
Degreeli Score
55/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$741,865
Years To Recoup
8.2 years
On-Time ROI
$1,146,268
10-Year Earnings
$61,062
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Payback could take longer than many families expect.
MASTERS
DePaul University
Degreeli Score
33/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$713,562
Years To Recoup
14 years
On-Time ROI
$1,052,452
10-Year Earnings
$58,803
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Rochester Institute of Technology
Degreeli Score
29/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$672,912
Years To Recoup
16.9 years
On-Time ROI
$962,816
10-Year Earnings
$55,122
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Illinois State University
Degreeli Score
48/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$669,195
Years To Recoup
9.3 years
On-Time ROI
$1,036,868
10-Year Earnings
$55,723
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Carroll University
Degreeli Score
47/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$626,238
Years To Recoup
8.6 years
On-Time ROI
$885,768
10-Year Earnings
$47,327
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
University of Wisconsin-Stout Polytechnic
Degreeli Score
54/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$615,782
Years To Recoup
7.8 years
On-Time ROI
$1,122,460
10-Year Earnings
$59,621
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Payback could take longer than many families expect.
BACHELORS
Bowling Green State University
Degreeli Score
36/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$606,501
Years To Recoup
12.2 years
On-Time ROI
$951,672
10-Year Earnings
$52,388
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
George Mason University
Degreeli Score
42/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$595,052
Years To Recoup
10.1 years
On-Time ROI
$877,140
10-Year Earnings
$47,440
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
MASTERS
Savannah College of Art and Design
Degreeli Score
18/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$584,099
Years To Recoup
25.4 years
On-Time ROI
$841,520
10-Year Earnings
$51,962
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
California Baptist University
Degreeli Score
30/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$576,437
Years To Recoup
13.5 years
On-Time ROI
$931,540
10-Year Earnings
$51,834
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
University of Northern Iowa
Degreeli Score
44/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$555,393
Years To Recoup
9.6 years
On-Time ROI
$817,716
10-Year Earnings
$44,066
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
University of Idaho
Degreeli Score
50/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$529,517
Years To Recoup
8 years
On-Time ROI
$924,436
10-Year Earnings
$49,188
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Payback could take longer than many families expect.
BACHELORS
DePaul University
Degreeli Score
24/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$526,773
Years To Recoup
18.3 years
On-Time ROI
$776,952
10-Year Earnings
$45,028
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Bradley University
Degreeli Score
28/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$504,446
Years To Recoup
16.1 years
On-Time ROI
$662,264
10-Year Earnings
$37,657
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Baker College
Degreeli Score
60/100
Caution Zone
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$465,443
Years To Recoup
5.2 years
On-Time ROI
$1,299,032
10-Year Earnings
$67,583
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.
BACHELORS
Savannah College of Art and Design
Degreeli Score
16/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$460,494
Years To Recoup
30 years
On-Time ROI
$663,440
10-Year Earnings
$43,058
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Webster University
Degreeli Score
23/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$447,621
Years To Recoup
18 years
On-Time ROI
$695,172
10-Year Earnings
$40,168
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
DigiPen Institute of Technology
Degreeli Score
14/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$447,151
Years To Recoup
26 years
On-Time ROI
$733,636
10-Year Earnings
$45,571
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Western Illinois University
Degreeli Score
53/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$435,592
Years To Recoup
6.8 years
On-Time ROI
$963,272
10-Year Earnings
$50,751
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Payback could take longer than many families expect.
BACHELORS
Sam Houston State University
Degreeli Score
38/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$430,394
Years To Recoup
10.3 years
On-Time ROI
$785,964
10-Year Earnings
$42,579
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
University of Central Missouri
Degreeli Score
42/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$421,582
Years To Recoup
9.2 years
On-Time ROI
$779,552
10-Year Earnings
$41,870
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Payback could take longer than many families expect.
BACHELORS
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Degreeli Score
36/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$420,421
Years To Recoup
11.7 years
On-Time ROI
$653,944
10-Year Earnings
$35,830
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Pittsburg State University
Degreeli Score
37/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$416,380
Years To Recoup
10.5 years
On-Time ROI
$735,784
10-Year Earnings
$39,946
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
ASSOCIATE
Ferris State University
Degreeli Score
58/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$405,971
Years To Recoup
5.1 years
On-Time ROI
$866,164
10-Year Earnings
$45,033
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.
BACHELORS
East Tennessee State University
Degreeli Score
37/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$403,091
Years To Recoup
10.4 years
On-Time ROI
$757,548
10-Year Earnings
$41,074
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Columbia College Chicago
Degreeli Score
22/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$398,486
Years To Recoup
16.1 years
On-Time ROI
$773,008
10-Year Earnings
$43,970
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Ferris State University
Degreeli Score
58/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$397,375
Years To Recoup
5.2 years
On-Time ROI
$847,824
10-Year Earnings
$44,116
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.
BACHELORS
Huntington University
Degreeli Score
27/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$393,366
Years To Recoup
14.8 years
On-Time ROI
$618,500
10-Year Earnings
$34,787
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
University of Charleston
Degreeli Score
26/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$388,228
Years To Recoup
12.5 years
On-Time ROI
$852,312
10-Year Earnings
$47,037
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Minneapolis College of Art and Design
Degreeli Score
20/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$386,358
Years To Recoup
18.2 years
On-Time ROI
$755,196
10-Year Earnings
$43,745
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
MASTERS
Academy of Art University
Degreeli Score
24/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$383,721
Years To Recoup
16.9 years
On-Time ROI
$1,118,068
10-Year Earnings
$64,026
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
College for Creative Studies
Degreeli Score
16/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$382,418
Years To Recoup
27.1 years
On-Time ROI
$541,592
10-Year Earnings
$34,003
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Eastern Michigan University
Degreeli Score
38/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$366,027
Years To Recoup
9.7 years
On-Time ROI
$788,172
10-Year Earnings
$42,490
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Pratt Institute
Degreeli Score
17/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$361,349
Years To Recoup
30 years
On-Time ROI
$491,364
10-Year Earnings
$35,100
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Alfred State College--SUNY
Degreeli Score
35/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$358,086
Years To Recoup
11.3 years
On-Time ROI
$650,356
10-Year Earnings
$35,521
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Fairmont State University
Degreeli Score
55/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$353,802
Years To Recoup
5.8 years
On-Time ROI
$799,552
10-Year Earnings
$41,784
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.
BACHELORS
New Mexico State University
Degreeli Score
52/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$351,259
Years To Recoup
7.1 years
On-Time ROI
$636,684
10-Year Earnings
$33,612
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Payback could take longer than many families expect.
BACHELORS
SUNY Cobleskill
Degreeli Score
32/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$346,517
Years To Recoup
11.2 years
On-Time ROI
$818,416
10-Year Earnings
$44,661
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Laguna College of Art and Design
Degreeli Score
11/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$313,930
Years To Recoup
29.2 years
On-Time ROI
$606,980
10-Year Earnings
$38,850
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Columbus College of Art and Design
Degreeli Score
15/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$305,813
Years To Recoup
23.5 years
On-Time ROI
$550,024
10-Year Earnings
$33,389
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Indian River State College
Degreeli Score
65/100
Caution Zone
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$305,190
Years To Recoup
2.9 years
On-Time ROI
$679,560
10-Year Earnings
$34,741
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.
BACHELORS
Academy of Art University
Degreeli Score
15/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$293,164
Years To Recoup
21.3 years
On-Time ROI
$854,208
10-Year Earnings
$50,833
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Kansas City Art Institute
Degreeli Score
15/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$292,957
Years To Recoup
23.9 years
On-Time ROI
$505,360
10-Year Earnings
$30,798
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Montserrat College of Art
Degreeli Score
12/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$292,618
Years To Recoup
26 years
On-Time ROI
$547,256
10-Year Earnings
$34,006
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Regent University
Degreeli Score
21/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$291,207
Years To Recoup
18 years
On-Time ROI
$511,608
10-Year Earnings
$29,565
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
Lynn University
Degreeli Score
12/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$289,164
Years To Recoup
30 years
On-Time ROI
$555,444
10-Year Earnings
$36,590
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
ASSOCIATE
Lake Washington Institute of Technology
Degreeli Score
58/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$285,055
Years To Recoup
4.6 years
On-Time ROI
$770,212
10-Year Earnings
$39,874
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.
BACHELORS
School of Visual Arts
Degreeli Score
17/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$280,655
Years To Recoup
30 years
On-Time ROI
$370,844
10-Year Earnings
$30,125
Why it scores this way
Strength: Completion/outcome signal supports the value case.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
BACHELORS
University of Silicon Valley
Degreeli Score
22/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$255,240
Years To Recoup
14.8 years
On-Time ROI
$888,100
10-Year Earnings
$49,968
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
California College of the Arts
Degreeli Score
14/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$248,384
Years To Recoup
30 years
On-Time ROI
$405,724
10-Year Earnings
$31,068
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
ASSOCIATE
Miami Dade College
Degreeli Score
55/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$219,404
Years To Recoup
5.8 years
On-Time ROI
$477,588
10-Year Earnings
$24,972
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.
BACHELORS
Florida State College--Jacksonville
Degreeli Score
61/100
Caution Zone
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$213,300
Years To Recoup
3.7 years
On-Time ROI
$579,148
10-Year Earnings
$29,783
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.
BACHELORS
Villa Maria College
Degreeli Score
30/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$206,206
Years To Recoup
10.1 years
On-Time ROI
$655,664
10-Year Earnings
$35,482
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Debt risk rises quickly if borrowing approaches the modeled estimate.
BACHELORS
Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design
Degreeli Score
11/100
High Risk
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$195,428
Years To Recoup
23.2 years
On-Time ROI
$615,328
10-Year Earnings
$37,239
Why it scores this way
Strength: Enough directional data exists to compare this option against alternatives.
Risk: Total cost may be high relative to expected early-career salary.
ASSOCIATE
Austin Community College District
Degreeli Score
60/100
Caution Zone
Data Confidence
Medium
Completion-Adjusted ROI
$173,211
Years To Recoup
3.9 years
On-Time ROI
$857,480
10-Year Earnings
$44,152
Why it scores this way
Strength: Cost looks efficient relative to expected early-career pay.
Risk: Completion or outcome confidence needs more scrutiny.